# ADR-001: Open-Op Params Layout — Resource + Substrate

## Status

Accepted (2026-09-07)

## Context

The tunnel open op's `params` (the `input` of the
`channels/tunnel/sub` operation, alkcall ADR-047) is the wire-stable
carrier of "what to open." alknet ADR-071 §ALPN table noted
`alknet/tunnel` as `[0, 1]` data in/out only; the addressing scheme
was never decided there. Phase 0 resolved the framing of the problem
(the OQ-TN-01 reframe, 2026-09-05): the rich "remote addressing"
framing was an XY problem — except in the `-D`/dynamic case (which
composes at the assembly layer), a tunnel is either TCP or UDP, and
`params` need only *identify a produced resource*, not carry a
general-purpose address.

Constraints that shaped the decision:

- `params` is ALPN-specific JSON, interpreted by the open op's
  establisher/handler — never by the channels layer (alkcall
  ADR-039). The layout is a one-way door once a consumer exists
  (wire-stable once published; additive changes only).
- The identifier must be substrate-extensible without format changes
  (a new substrate is an additive `substrate` value, not a v2
  format). SSH's `direct-streamlocal` (same open-op shape, degenerate
  address slots, new type string) and SOCKS5's ATYP (scheme-tagged
  addresses) are the prior-art anchors; both support the "one
  identifier + one discriminator" reduction.
- The producer owns the backing: the consumer never learns an
  address. A `host:port` in params would leak the producer's
  topology into the wire and pin the wire to address-shaped targets.
- alkcall's registry schema-validates the open op's input
  (`input_schema` runs before the establisher — review 007 Part B),
  so the layout must be schema-describable (no per-substrate
  polymorphic payloads in v1).
- Both POCs used exactly this shape (`TunnelParams {resource,
  substrate}`); 17 + 16 tests rode it end-to-end.

## Decision

`params` for the `channels/tunnel/sub` open op is a self-contained
JSON object:

```json
{
  "resource": "postgres-primary",
  "substrate": "tcp"
}
```

- **`resource`** (string, required) — the produced resource
  identifier: the producer's stable name for the tunnel target. NOT
  an address; the producer's registry (an assembly-side construct,
  OQ-TN-11) maps the name to its backing (a local port, a docker
  container's port, an in-process service, a unix socket path).
- **`substrate`** (string, required) — the extensible discriminator:
  `"tcp"` | `"udp"` | `"unix"` in v1. A new substrate is a new value,
  not a format change — the same additive property SSH gets from
  channel-type strings and SOCKS5 gets from ATYP values. The
  discriminator also selects the data-plane framing (ADR-003): the
  establisher and both pumps must agree on it, so it rides the open
  op rather than being inferred.
- The open op's `input_schema` pins both fields as required strings;
  `substrate` is enum-validated against the v1 set. Unknown
  substrate values are a schema failure (typed open error) — a
  consumer speaking a newer substrate to an older producer fails
  loudly, not silently.
- Substrate-specific detail (the path of a unix socket, the UDP
  associate semantics) is owned by the producer's registry, not the
  wire. The resource name is opaque to the protocol.
- The open-failure error path rides alkcall ADR-049 (typed
  `channel:open_failed` with `details.reason` ∈ `dial_failed` /
  `unknown_resource` / `resource_shortage` / `handler_error` /
  `timeout`): an unknown resource name is `unknown_resource` — no
  params-level error field, no establishment frame (the pre-ADR-049
  OQ-TN-09 hunch is superseded).

Rich in-band addressing (SOCKS5 ATYP, per-datagram remote addresses)
enters only through the `-D`/dynamic-target composition path — it is
carried INSIDE the tunnel payload by whatever protocol the tunnel
carries (socks5, udpgw-style framing), never in base params.

## Consequences

- **Wire-stable from the first consumer.** Both fields are required;
  renames are a breaking wire change (do not). Adding an optional
  field is additive-safe; adding a `substrate` value is
  consumer-progressive (an older producer rejects with
  `invalid_input`-class schema error — the SSH "unknown channel type"
  posture, loud not silent).
- **The BAST question is moot for params.** Params is JSON inside the
  channels open op (which is already a JSON envelope); the data
  plane's binary framing (ADR-003) carries its BAST doc at
  `docs/architecture/bast.md`. Per AGENTS.md convention 12, the
  hand-rolled codec remains the runtime implementation with the BAST
  doc as the contract.
- **Producers own a naming discipline.** Resource ids are
  producer-scoped names (OQ-TN-11: collision domain = the producer's
  registry). Consumers learn available resources through the
  ACL-filtered ops listing (OQ-TN-08) — the spec's
  `OperationSpec.description` SHOULD carry a human-readable hint
  (e.g. "postgres on the worker's tailnet") since it round-trips
  through discovery.
- **No per-connection dynamic targets in base params.** `-D`/SOCKS
  composes by tunneling a socks5 connection (OQ-TN-08); a future
  multi-endpoint UDP gateway resource would be self-describing
  framing inside the channel payload, invisible to params.

## References

- Phase 0: OQ-TN-01 (the reframe + survey input),
  `docs/research/ssh-socks5-survey.md` §OQ-TN-01 residue
- alkcall ADR-047 (openable ALPNs are operations; `input_schema`),
  ADR-049 (typed establishment errors)
- Forward POC: `docs/research/poc-summary.md` (the shape riding 17
  tests); reverse POC: `docs/research/reverse-poc-summary.md`
- OQ-TN-01 (promoted), OQ-TN-11 (naming residue)