alknet/docs/architecture/decisions/036-http-to-call-operation-mapping.md

ADR-036: HTTP-to-Call Operation Mapping

Status

Proposed

Context

alknet-http implements ProtocolHandler for the standard HTTP ALPNs (h2, http/1.1; h3/WebTransport is deferred per ADR-044). An inbound HTTP request that targets an alknet operation must become a call-protocol call.requested dispatch — the HTTP handler is a projection of the call protocol, not a parallel routing layer. The question is how an HTTP request maps to an operation invocation.

Three options were considered in the alknet-http Phase 0 research (docs/research/alknet-http/phase-0-findings.md, decision point DH-3):

• (a) Direct path mapping. POST /{service}/{op} → call.requested for /{service}/{op}. The HTTP handler parses the request body as the operation input, sends call.requested, and returns the response as JSON. The HTTP surface is a thin projection of the call protocol's /{service}/{op} operation path format (resolved by OQ-13).
• (b) OpenAPI-defined routes. The HTTP surface is defined by the to_openapi projection — routes, methods, schemas are generated from the registry's External operations, and the HTTP handler dispatches based on the generated OpenAPI spec's path mapping.
• (c) Explicit route registration. The assembly layer registers HTTP routes explicitly, mapping URL paths to operations. Most flexible, most boilerplate.

This is a load-bearing architectural choice. Once the HTTP surface's routing contract is published and external clients build against it, changing the mapping (e.g., from "the HTTP path IS the operation path" to "the HTTP path is a generated alias") is a one-way door: every client breaks. It needs an ADR before implementation.

The call protocol's operation path format is /{service}/{op} (OQ-13, resolved). The HTTP handler serves these operations over HTTP. The mapping must be a projection of that single operation surface, not a second routing table that has to be kept in sync with the registry.

Decision

Direct path mapping is the default HTTP surface; to_openapi is the discovery/projection layer, not a parallel router.

The HttpAdapter receives an HTTP request whose path is /{service}/{op} (e.g., POST /fs/readFile, POST /agent/chat), constructs a call.requested dispatch with operationId: /{service}/{op} and input: <parsed body>, and returns the operation's response as JSON. The HTTP path IS the operation path — one routing surface, the call protocol's.

to_openapi generates the OpenAPI spec that describes this surface for external consumers (route paths, methods, request/response schemas, error schemas per ADR-023). It does not define separate routes — the generated spec's paths mirror the /{service}/{op} operation paths. An external client reading the OpenAPI doc learns the same routes the HTTP handler serves; there is no second mapping.

Amendment (superseded by ADR-042 on the to_openapi clause): The paragraph above described the original "per-operation-paths projection" — to_openapi generating one OpenAPI path entry per External operation, mirroring /{service}/{op}. ADR-042 replaces this with the gateway pattern: to_openapi generates 5 fixed gateway endpoints (/search, /schema, /call, /batch, /subscribe) instead of one path per operation. The "no second routing table" property is preserved (the gateway endpoints are fixed; the per-caller operation surface is discovered via /search, not preloaded into a generated path set). The direct-call surface (POST /{service}/{op}) that this ADR defines is unchanged — ADR-042 only changes what to_openapi describes, not what the HTTP handler serves. A traditional per-operation-paths OpenAPI projection remains available as an additive alternative (ADR-042 §5).

HTTP method semantics

The call protocol's OperationType (Query, Mutation, Subscription, per operation-registry.md) maps to HTTP methods on the default surface:

OperationType	Default HTTP method	Notes
Query	GET	Read-only, idempotent. Input from query parameters + optional body.
Mutation	POST (or PUT/PATCH/DELETE if the operation declares it)	Default POST; the op may declare a specific mutation method in its spec metadata.
Subscription	GET with Accept: text/event-stream	Streaming — the HTTP handler projects the subscription's call.responded stream as SSE chunks.

The default method for an External operation with no explicit HTTP method declared is POST for Mutation, GET for Query. This is the least-surprise default; an operation that wants a specific HTTP verb declares it. The method-to-OperationType mapping is a two-way-door default (changing it later is additive — a new method is added, existing methods keep working).

Streaming projection (SSE)

A Subscription operation served over HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 projects its call.responded stream as Server-Sent Events. Each call.responded event becomes an SSE data: frame; call.completed closes the SSE stream; call.aborted closes the stream with an SSE error event. This is the HTTP/1.1 + HTTP/2 streaming projection. Over WebSocket (the v1 browser bidirectional path, ADR-044), the subscription projects directly onto the WS connection — call.responded events as binary WS messages, no SSE framing. WebTransport (h3) would project onto WebTransport bidirectional streams but is deferred per ADR-044.

Auth

Inbound HTTP auth is Authorization: Bearer <token>, resolved via IdentityProvider::resolve_from_token() (auth.md's handler table — HttpAdapter, Bearer header, resolve_from_token). This is settled by ADR-004 and OQ-11; this ADR does not change it. Bearer-only is the auth mechanism; other HTTP auth schemes (Basic, API key in query param) are not implemented. An unauthenticated request to an operation with AccessControl restrictions returns 401/403 (mapped from the call protocol's FORBIDDEN protocol code).

Stealth mode

The HTTP handler on h2/http/1.1 serves a decoy (configurable: fake 404, a static site, a redirect) for paths that are not registered operations. This is the ALPN-based stealth mapping from endpoint.md — clients that don't offer alknet ALPNs get the HTTP handler, and unknown HTTP paths get the decoy. The decoy is a two-way-door config default (an operator picks what to serve); the existence of the stealth path is fixed by ADR-010.

/healthz and operational endpoints

GET /healthz is a raw HTTP route outside the call protocol — no auth, no operation registration. It exists for infrastructure (load balancers, orchestrators). Other operational endpoints (metrics, dashboard) are call-protocol operations if built (/metrics/list, /dashboard/view), not raw HTTP routes. healthz is the one exception: it must be callable without auth before identity is resolvable.

Consequences

Positive:

• One routing surface. The HTTP handler does not maintain a second routing table; it projects the call protocol's /{service}/{op} paths directly. No sync drift between the operation registry and the HTTP routes.
• to_openapi is a pure projection (generate a spec that describes the existing surface), not a routing authority. The generated spec is always consistent with what the handler actually serves because they're the same paths.
• External HTTP clients (curl, axios, browser fetch) can call alknet operations without knowing about the call protocol — the HTTP surface is a standard REST-like API.
• The abort cascade (ADR-016) is preserved: an HTTP client disconnecting mid-subscription is detected as a stream close, and the HTTP handler sends call.aborted for the in-flight subscription, which cascades to descendants.
• The HTTP method mapping (Query→GET, Mutation→POST, Subscription→SSE) is the standard REST projection — no surprise verbs, no exotic method semantics.

Negative:

• The HTTP surface inherits the call protocol's /{service}/{op} path shape. An operation named fs/readFile is served at POST /fs/readFile, not at a REST-nested POST /fs/files/:id/read or any other REST-conventional path. Operations that want a REST-nested HTTP path must declare it in spec metadata (a two-way-door extension); the default is the operation path verbatim. This is a deliberate least-surprise-for-alknet choice, not a REST-purist choice.
• HTTP request/response semantics don't map cleanly onto every call protocol operation. A Query with a large input has to put the input in the body (GET-with-body is non-standard). A Mutation that is idempotent doesn't get PUT semantics unless it declares them. The projection is lossy at the edges; operations that need precise HTTP semantics declare them.
• to_openapi is a published compatibility contract (ADR-017 Consequences: once external clients build against the generated spec, the mapping is one-way). The generated spec's versioning (tied to the registry's External operation set version) must be emitted as a spec marker so consumers can detect mapping changes. This is OQ-17's published-artifact concern, applied to the HTTP projection.

Assumptions

1. The operation path IS the HTTP path. An operation fs/readFile is served at /fs/readFile. There is no separate HTTP path mapping layer. If a deployment wants different HTTP paths (e.g., a REST-nested convention), that's a future projection layer, not a change to this mapping.

2. External operations are the HTTP surface. Internal operations (composition-only, ADR-015) are not served over HTTP — they return 404 on the HTTP handler, matching the call protocol's NOT_FOUND for wire calls to Internal ops. The HTTP handler dispatches only External operations.

3. HTTP auth is Bearer-only. The HTTP handler resolves identity from the Authorization: Bearer header via resolve_from_token. Basic auth, API keys in query params, and other HTTP auth schemes are not implemented. A deployment that needs a different auth scheme adds it as middleware (two-way door), but the default surface is Bearer-only.

References

• ADR-004 — IdentityProvider, Bearer → resolve_from_token (the auth model this ADR uses, unchanged)
• ADR-010 — stealth mode as ALPN dispatch (the HTTP handler on standard ALPNs serves the decoy)
• ADR-015 — External/Internal visibility (Internal ops are not served over HTTP)
• ADR-016 — abort cascade (HTTP client disconnect → call.aborted → cascade to descendants)
• ADR-017 — to_openapi as a projection; published-spec compatibility contract
• ADR-023 — error schema fidelity in from_openapi/to_openapi; HTTP status mapping
• ADR-042 — supersedes this ADR's to_openapi clause (the per-operation-paths projection is replaced by the 5-endpoint gateway pattern; the direct-call surface this ADR defines is unchanged)
• OQ-13 (resolved) — operation path format /{service}/{op}
• docs/research/alknet-http/phase-0-findings.md DH-3 — the decision this ADR resolves
• crates/http/http-server.md — the spec that implements this mapping